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Q.1. Which one of the following is empowered to Commissions for the promotion of human rights under the U.N. Charter?
(a) The Economic and Social Council
(b) The General Assembly
(c) The Trusteeship Council
(d) The Secretary-General
Q.2. The International Bill of Rights is said to consist of:
(a) Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(b) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
(c) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
(d) All the above
Q.3. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights declares that all human beings are:
(a) by nature equally free and independent
(b) born free and rational
(c) born free and equal in work and rights.
(d) born free and equal in dignity and rights
Q.4. Article 13 of the International Covenant on Civil Political Rights, empowers a State to expel an alien:
(a) whenever it desires to do so
(b) in pursuance of a decision taken by it
(c) without assigning any reasons
(d) without extending an opportunity to submit a petition to review the decision
Q.5. Article 6, the first paragraph of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights declares:
(a) everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person
(b) every human being has the inherent right to life and liberty
(c) every human being has the inherent right to life
(d) everyone has the inalienable right to life
Q.6. Which one of the following States has not ratified International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, till now?
(a) France
(b) the United States of America
(c) Japan
(d) Australia
Q.7. Assertion (A): Recognition produces legal consequences affecting the rights, powers and privileges of recognised State of Government.
Reason (R): Recognition of a new State or Government has the retroactive operation.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Q.8. Assertion (A): Declaratory theory of recognition maintains that recognition is merely an acceptance by the State of an already existing situation.
Reason (R): the New States are established in the international community as full-fledged subject of International Law by virtue of the permission granted by the already existing States.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Q.9. Assertion (A): The maintenance of international peace and security is the primary responsibility of the Security Council.
Reason (R): The Security Council cannot effectively ensure peace and security because the member States on their own.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Q.10. Assertion (A): The decision of the International Court of Justice has no binding force except between the parties and in respect of that particular case.
Reason (R): Under its statute, the ICJ has been given the power to decide a case ex acquo et bond if it thinks it proper and desirable to do.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answers with Explanations
1.Correct Answer: B
Explanation- Human rights occupy a significant place in the U.N. Charter. Article 13 provides that General Assembly initiate studies and make recommendations for purpose of promoting international co-operation in economic, social, cultural, educational and health and assist in the realisation of the human rights fundamental freedoms for all without distinction a race, sex, language or religion. Hence Option B is correct.
2.Correct Answer: D
Explanation- The International Bill of Human Rights comprises of following:
Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Culture Rights, 1966. The Optional Protocol to the Covenant on Civil Political Rights, 1966. Hence Option D is correct.
3.Correct Answer: D
Explanation- Article (1) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 provides. “All human beings are born and equal in dignity and rights, they are endowed reason and conscience and should act to one another spirit of brotherhood.” Hence Option D is correct.
4.Correct Answer: B
Explanation- Article 13 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, empowers a State to expel an alien without extending an opportunity to submit a petition to review the decision. Hence Option B is correct.
5.Correct Answer: C
Explanation- First Para of Article 6 of Covenant on Civil and Political Rights provides that every human being has the inherent right to life, while Article 7 prohibits torture or cruel inhuman” or degrading treatment or punishment. Hence Option C is correct.
6.Correct Answer: B
Explanation- While the United States to America accuses other nations of not adhering to human rights it has so far failed to ratify the International Covenants on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. 1966. Hence Option B is correct.
7.Correct Answer: A
Explanation- Both A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ also explains ‘A ‘ correctly. Recognition is a political or discretionary act. Recognition should however be granted because it has important legal consequences. The recognised State acquires certain rights, privileges and immunities under International Law as well as Municipal Law. Recognition de facto, as well as de jure, has a ‘retroactive’ effect in the sense that all the acts of newly recognised State/Government are treated valid dating back on the establishment of the authority thus recognised. Hence Option A is correct.
8.Correct Answer: C
Explanation- According to this theory, Statehood or the authority of the new government exists as such prior to and independently of recognition. Recognition is merely a formed acknowledgement through which established facts are accepted. The act of recognition is merely declaratory or evidence of the existing fact that a particular state or government possesses the essential attributes as required under International Law. Recognition is necessary only because it enables here state to enter into official intercourse with other states. Thus, Here ‘A ‘ is true but ‘R’ is false. Hence Option C is correct.
9.Correct Answer: C
Explanation- Here ‘A’ is true and ‘R’ is false because it is true that the maintenance of international peace and security is the primary responsibility of the Security Council. But it would be wrong to contend that Security Council has not made any contribution to the maintenance of International Peace and Security. Hence Option C is correct.
10.Correct Answer: A
Explanation- Here both ‘A’ and ‘R’ true and ‘R’ also correctly explains ‘A’.
Article 59 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, the decisions of the court shall not have a binding force except upon the parties to a dispute and only in respect of a particular dispute between them. Article 38 (2) provides the power to the court to decide a case ex acquo et bond if the parties agree thereto. Hence Option A is correct.